We return for a second wind and to the surface for air as we catch our breath in Part 4 by considering two categories of application circuits for the TL431. The loop gain is significantly reduced by ...

Nerd Ralph loves cheap and dirty hacks, and for that we applaud him. His latest endeavor is a LiFePO4 battery charger that he made out of parts he had on hand for under $0.50 US. (Although we think he ...

This voltage regulator delivers smooth control of a constant voltage from 0 to 8 V. It protects the load against short circuits and indicates connection, overload, and output level. The series chain ...

[Kevin Darrah] wanted to make a simple 3.3V regulator without using an integrated circuit. He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors. The circuit isn’t going to beat out a cheap ...

In the realm of modern electronics, semiconductor diodes have emerged as fundamental components with diverse applications. One of their pivotal roles lies in the fields of rectification and voltage ...

Is it possible to design an unconditionally stable linear voltage regulator? In fact, many believe that most regulator ICs are unconditionally stable. The answer is both simple and complex, if it is ...

We submerge somewhat deeper into analysis of the seemingly simple TL431 voltage reference with transconductance amplifier to find that some useful design parameters are missing from the manufacturer ...