The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Transistors, the tiny switches that flip on and off inside computer chips, have long been the domain of electricity. But scientists are beginning to develop chip components that run on light. Last ...

Circuits sometimes need a gain-of-one buffer to lower output impedance and prevent the load from interfering with the previous stage. For an application involving a 1.5-MHz, low-power transmitter and ...