Abstract: In this paper, we propose a model of a parameter estimator filter for Black Box-type Stochastic Systems (BBSS), that is, only its inputs and outputs are known; considering its intrinsic ...

Abstract: In group decision making, it is inevitable that the individual decision maker’s subjectivity is involved, which causes difficulty in reaching a group decision. One of the difficulties is to ...

The reasons you choose particular places to sell your product go beyond the amount of sales you generate. Some distribution channels that help you sell your product also can hurt your business more ...

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...

Future events are far from certain in the business world. This is especially true for smaller businesses, which tend to have more volatility than larger organizations, or newer businesses without a ...

The host invites you to pick a door, any door. Let’s say you pick door one. The host throws open one of the doors you did not select, revealing a goat. Then the host gives you the option of switching ...

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

Probability distribution is an essential concept in statistics, helping us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment. Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional ...

Disordered executive function can impair a person’s ability to organize and manage behavior. Executive function is a broad group of mental skills that enable people to complete tasks and interact with ...